.. index:: single: naive_bayes
.. _naive_bayes/0:

.. rst-class:: right

**object**

``naive_bayes``
===============

Naive Bayes classifier with Laplace smoothing and Gaussian distribution support. Learns from a dataset object implementing the ``dataset_protocol`` protocol and returns a classifier term that can be used for prediction and exported as predicate clauses.

| **Availability:** 
|    ``logtalk_load(naive_bayes(loader))``

| **Author:** Paulo Moura
| **Version:** 1:0:0
| **Date:** 2026-02-20

| **Compilation flags:**
|    ``static, context_switching_calls``


| **Implements:**
|    ``public`` :ref:`classifier_protocol <classifier_protocol/0>`
| **Uses:**
|    :ref:`format <format/0>`
|    :ref:`list <list/0>`
|    :ref:`pairs <pairs/0>`
|    :ref:`population <population/0>`

| **Remarks:**

   - Algorithm: Naive Bayes is a probabilistic classifier based on Bayes theorem with strong (naive) independence assumptions between features.
   - Categorical features: Uses Laplace smoothing to handle unseen feature values.
   - Continuous features: Uses Gaussian (normal) distribution to model numeric features.
   - Classifier representation: The learned classifier is represented by default as ``nb_classifier(Classes, ClassPriors, AttributeNames, FeatureTypes, FeatureParams)`` where ``FeatureParams`` contains the learned probabilities or statistics for each feature.

| **Inherited public predicates:**
|     :ref:`classifier_protocol/0::classifier_to_clauses/4`  :ref:`classifier_protocol/0::classifier_to_file/4`  :ref:`classifier_protocol/0::learn/2`  :ref:`classifier_protocol/0::predict/3`  :ref:`classifier_protocol/0::print_classifier/1`  

.. contents::
   :local:
   :backlinks: top

Public predicates
-----------------

.. index:: predict_probabilities/3
.. _naive_bayes/0::predict_probabilities/3:

``predict_probabilities/3``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Predicts class probabilities for a new instance using the learned classifier. Returns a list of ``Class-Probability`` pairs. The instance is a list of ``Attribute-Value`` pairs.

| **Compilation flags:**
|    ``static``

| **Template:**
|    ``predict_probabilities(Classifier,Instance,Probabilities)``
| **Mode and number of proofs:**
|    ``predict_probabilities(+compound,+list,-list)`` - ``one``


------------

Protected predicates
--------------------

(no local declarations; see entity ancestors if any)

Private predicates
------------------

(no local declarations; see entity ancestors if any)

Operators
---------

(none)

.. seealso::

   :ref:`dataset_protocol <dataset_protocol/0>`, :ref:`isolation_forest <isolation_forest/0>`, :ref:`c45 <c45/0>`, :ref:`knn <knn/0>`, :ref:`nearest_centroid <nearest_centroid/0>`, :ref:`random_forest <random_forest/0>`, :ref:`ada_boost <ada_boost/0>`