object

iso8601

ISO 8601 (and European civil calendar) compliant library of date predicates.

author:
Daniel L. Dudley
version:
1.0
date:
2005/4/11
compilation:
static

(no dependencies on other files)

Public interface

date/4

Get the system date and/or its Julian Day # or convert a Julian Day # to/from given date parts.

compilation:
static
template:
date(JD, Year, Month, Day)
  • JD – Julian day serial number
  • Year – 0 or negative if converted BC year, positive otherwise
  • Month – Normally an integer between 1 and 12 inclusive
  • Day – Normally an integer between 1 and 31 inclusive depending upon month
mode – number of solutions:
date(?integer, ?integer, ?integer, ?integer) – zero_or_one
examples:
Current date (i.e., today):
date(JD, Year, Month, Day)
JD=2453471, Year=2005, Month=4, Day=10
Convert a date to its Julian day number:
date(JD, 2000, 2, 29)
JD=2451604
Convert a Julian day number to its date:
date(2451604, Year, Month, Day)
Year=2000, Month=2, Day=29
What is the date of day # 60 in year 2000?
date(JD, 2000, 1, 60)
JD=2451604
What is the Julian of the 1st day prior to 2000-1-1?
date(JD, 2000, 1, 0)
JD=2451544
What is the Julian of the 60th day prior to 2000-1-1?
date(JD, 2000, 1, -59)
JD=2451485
Illegal date is auto-adjusted (see also next query)
date(JD, 1900, 2, 29)
JD=2415080
This is the correct date!
date(2415080, Year, Month, Day)
Year=1900, Month=3, Day=1

date/5

Ditto date/4 + get/check its day-of-week #.

compilation:
static
template:
date(JD, Year, Month, Day, DoW)
  • JD – Julian day serial number
  • Year – 0 or negative if converted BC year, positive otherwise
  • Month – Normally an integer between 1 and 12 inclusive
  • Day – Normally an integer between 1 and 31 inclusive depending upon month
  • DoW – Day of week, where Monday=1, Tuesday=2, ..., Sunday=7
mode – number of solutions:
date(?integer, ?integer, ?integer, ?integer, ?integer) – zero_or_one
examples:
Get the Julian and the day-of-week # of a date:
date(JD, 2000, 2, 29, DoW)
JD=2451604, DoW=2
Check the validity of a given date (day-of-week is 2, not 4):
date(_, 2002, 3, 5, 4)
no
Get the Julian day of a given date if it is a Sunday:
date(JD, 2004, 2, 29, 7)
JD=2453065
Get the date and day-of-week # of a Julian:
date(2451545, Year, Month, Day, DoW)
Year=2000, Month=1, Day=1, DoW=6

date/6

Ditto date/5 + get/check its week #.

compilation:
static
template:
date(JD, Year, Month, Day, DoW, Week)
  • JD – Julian day serial number
  • Year – 0 or negative if converted BC year, positive otherwise
  • Month – Normally an integer between 1 and 12 inclusive
  • Day – Normally an integer between 1 and 31 inclusive depending upon month
  • DoW – Day of week, where Monday=1, Tuesday=2, ..., Sunday=7
  • Week – Compound term, week(WeekNo,ActualYear), of a day
mode – number of solutions:
date(?integer, ?integer, ?integer, ?integer, ?integer, ?compound) – zero_or_one
examples:
Get the day-of-week and week number of a date:
date(_, 2000, 1, 1, DoW, Week)
DoW=6, Week=week(52, 1999)
Get the week number and year of this week:
date(_, _, _, _, _, Week)
Week=week(7, 2004)
Get the Julian number and the week of a date if it is a Sunday:
date(JD, 2004, 2, 29, 7, Week)
JD=2453065, Week=week(9, 2004)
Get the day-of-week and week of a Julian day number:
date(2453066, _, _, _, DoW, Week)
DoW=1, Week=week(10, 2004)
Check that given date data matches:
date(_, 2004, 3, 1, 1, week(10, 2004))
yes
What is the date of a day of week (default is 1) in given week # and year?
date(_, Year, Month, Day, DoW, week(26, 2004))
Year=2004, Month=6, Day=21, DoW=1
Ditto for Sunday:
date(_, Year, Month, Day, 7, week(1, 2005))
Year=2005, Month=1, Day=9
Ditto for Tuesday in following week:
date(_, Year, Month, Day, 9, week(1, 2005))
Year=2005, Month=1, Day=11
Ditto for Thursday in the prior week:
date(_, Year, Month, Day, 4, week(0, 2005))
Year=2004, Month=12, Day=30
Ditto for Tuesday two weeks prior:
date(_, Year, Month, Day, 2, week(-1, 2005))
Year=2004, Month=12, Day=21
Ditto for Saturday:
date(_, Year, Month, Day, 6, week(53, 2004))
Year=2005, Month=1, Day=1
Ditto for Monday (note automatic compensation of nonexistent week number):
date(_, Year, Month, Day, 1, week(60, 2004))
Year=2005, Month=2, Day=14

date/7

Ditto date/6 + get/check its day-of-year #.

compilation:
static
template:
date(JD, Year, Month, Day, DoW, Week, DoY)
  • JD – Julian day serial number
  • Year – 0 or negative if converted BC year, positive otherwise
  • Month – Normally an integer between 1 and 12 inclusive
  • Day – Normally an integer between 1 and 31 inclusive depending upon month
  • DoW – Day of week, where Monday=1, Tuesday=2, ..., Sunday=7
  • Week – Compound term, week(WeekNo,ActualYear), of a day
  • DoY – Day of year (NB! calendar year, not week # year)
mode – number of solutions:
date(?integer, ?integer, ?integer, ?integer, ?integer, ?compound, ?integer) – zero_or_one
examples:
Get the date and day-of-year of a Julian number:
date(2451649, Year, Month, Day, _, _, DoY)
Year=2000, Month=4, Day=14, DoY=105
Get the Julian number, week number and day-of-year of a date, confirming that it is a Sunday:
date(JD, 2004, 2, 29, 7, Week, DoY)
JD=2453065, Week=week(9, 2004), DoY=60
Confirm that a date is, in fact, a specific day-of-year:
date(_, 2004, 3, 1, _, _, 61)
yes
Get the Julian number, week day and day-of-year of a date:
date(JD, 2004, 10, 18, DoW, _, DoY)
JD=2453297, DoW=1, DoY=292
Get today's day-of-year:
date(_, _, _, _, _, _, DoY)
DoY=54
Get all missing date data (excl. Julian number) for the 60th calendar day of 2004:
date(_, 2004, Month, Day, DoW, Week, 60)
Month=2, Day=29, DoW=7, Week=week(9, 2004)
Match given date data and, if true, return the missing data (excl. Julian number):
date(_, 2004, 3, Day, DoW, Week, 61)
Day=1, DoW=1, Week=week(10, 2004)
Ditto (the 61st day-of-year cannot be both day 1 and 2 of the month):
date(_, 2004, _, 2, _, _, 61)
no

date_string/3

Conversion between an ISO 8601 compliant date string and its components (truncated and expanded date representations are currently unsupported). Note that date components are not validated; that is the caller's responsibility!

compilation:
static
template:
date_string(Format, Components, String)
  • Format – ISO 8601 format
  • Components – When bound and String is free, either a Julian number or a [Year,Month,Day] term; it binds to the system day/date if free When free and String is bound, it binds to an integer list representing the numeric elements of String
  • String – ISO 8601 formatted string correspondent to Components
mode – number of solutions:
date_string(+atom, +integer, ?atom) – zero_or_one
date_string(+atom, ?list, ?atom) – zero_or_one
examples:
Date, complete, basic (section 5.2.1.1):
date_string('YYYYMMDD', [2004, 2, 29], String)
String='20040229'
Date, complete, basic (section 5.2.1.1):
date_string('YYYYMMDD', Components, '20040229')
Components=[2004, 2, 29]
Date, complete, extended (section 5.2.1.1):
date_string('YYYY-MM-DD', [2003, 12, 16], String)
String='2003-12-16'
Date, complete, extended (section 5.2.1.1):
date_string('YYYY-MM-DD', Components, '2003-12-16')
Components=[2003, 12, 16]
Date, complete, extended (section 5.2.1.1):
date_string('YYYY-MM-DD', _, String)
String='2004-02-17'
Date, complete, extended (section 5.2.1.1):
date_string('YYYY-MM-DD', Components, '2004-02-17')
Components=[2004, 2, 17]
Date, reduced, month (section 5.2.1.2 a):
date_string('YYYY-MM', [2004, 9, 18], String)
String='2004-09'
Date, reduced, month (section 5.2.1.2 a):
date_string('YYYY-MM', Components, '2004-09')
Components=[2004, 9]
Date, reduced, year (section 5.2.1.2 b):
date_string('YYYY', [1900, 7, 24], String)
String='1900'
Date, reduced, year (section 5.2.1.2 b):
date_string('YYYY', Components, '1900')
Components=[1900]
Date, reduced, century (section 5.2.1.2 c):
date_string('YY', 2456557, String)
String='20'
Date, reduced, century (section 5.2.1.2 c):
date_string('YY', Components, '20')
Components=[20]
Date, ordinal, complete (section 5.2.2.1):
date_string('YYYYDDD', [2005, 3, 25], String)
String='2005084'
Date, ordinal, complete (section 5.2.2.1):
date_string('YYYYDDD', Components, '2005084')
Components=[2005, 84]
Date, ordinal, extended (section 5.2.2.1):
date_string('YYYY-DDD', [1854, 12, 4], String)
String='1854-338'
Date, ordinal, extended (section 5.2.2.1):
date_string('YYYY-DDD', Components, '1854-338')
Components=[1854, 338]
Week, complete, basic (section 5.2.3.1):
date_string('YYYYWwwD', [2000, 1, 2], String)
String='1999W527'
Week, complete, basic (section 5.2.3.1):
date_string('YYYYWwwD', Components, '1999W527')
Components=[1999, 52, 7]
Week, complete, extended (section 5.2.3.1):
date_string('YYYY-Www-D', [2003, 12, 29], String)
String='2004-W01-1'
Week, complete, extended (section 5.2.3.1):
date_string('YYYY-Www-D', Components, '2004-W01-1')
Components=[2004, 1, 1]
Week, complete, extended (section 5.2.3.1):
date_string('YYYY-Www-D', 2453167, String)
String='2004-W24-4'
Week, complete, extended (section 5.2.3.1):
date_string('YYYY-Www-D', Components, '2004-W24-4')
Components=[2004, 24, 4]
Week, reduced, basic (section 5.2.3.2):
date_string('YYYYWww', [2004, 2, 29], String)
String='2004W09'
Week, reduced, basic (section 5.2.3.2):
date_string('YYYYWww', Components, '2004W09')
Components=[2004, 9]
Week, reduced, extended (section 5.2.3.2):
date_string('YYYY-Www', [2004, 2, 29], String)
String='2004-W09'
Week, reduced, extended (section 5.2.3.2):
date_string('YYYY-Www', Components, '2004-W09')
Components=[2004, 9]

valid_date/3

Validate a given date in the Gregorian calendar.

compilation:
static
template:
valid_date(Year, Month, Day)
mode – number of solutions:
valid_date(+integer, +integer, +integer) – zero_or_one
examples:
Yes, the recent millenium was a leap year:
valid_date(2000, 2, 29)
yes
2004 was also a leap year:
valid_date(2004, 2, 29)
yes
Only 30 days in April:
valid_date(2004, 4, 31)
no
1 BC was a leap year:
valid_date(-1, 2, 29)
yes

leap_year/1

Succeed if given year is a leap year in the Gregorian calendar.

compilation:
static
template:
leap_year(Year)
  • Year – The Gregorian calendar year to investigate. If free, it binds to the system year
mode – number of solutions:
leap_year(?integer) – zero_or_one
examples:
No, the prior centenary was not a leap year:
leap_year(1900)
no
The recent millenium:
leap_year(2000)
yes
This year:
leap_year(Year)
Year=2004
This year (equivalent to prior query):
leap_year(_)
yes
Next centennial:
leap_year(2100)
no
Year 0, equivalent to 1 BC:
leap_year(0)
yes
1 BC
leap_year(-1)
yes
4 BC
leap_year(-4)
no
5 BC
leap_year(-5)
yes

calendar_month/3

Compute a calendar month.

compilation:
static
template:
calendar_month(Year, Month, Calendar)
  • Year – The calendar year
  • Month – The calendar month
  • Calendar – A compound term, m/3, composed of three main arguments specifying year, month, and a list of week and week day numbers (calendar body).
mode – number of solutions:
calendar_month(?integer, ?integer, -compound) – zero_or_one
examples:
Compute the calendar of March, 2005:
calendar_month(2005, 3, Calendar)
Calendar=m(2005, 3, [w(9, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]), w(10, [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]), w(11, [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]), w(12, [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27]), w(13, [28, 29, 30, 31, 0, 0, 0]), w(0, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])])

easter_day/3

Compute a Gregorian Easter Sunday.

compilation:
static
template:
easter_day(Year, Month, Day)
  • Year – Integer specifying the year to be investigated
  • Month – Month in which Easter Sunday falls for given year
  • Day – Day of month in which Easter Sunday falls for given year
mode – number of solutions:
easter_day(?integer, -integer, -integer) – zero_or_one
examples:
Compute Easter Sunday for a particular year:
easter_day(2006, Month, Day)
Month=4, Day=16
Compute Easter Sunday for the current year:
easter_day(Year, Month, Day)
Year=2005, Month=3, Day=27

Protected interface

(none)

Private predicates

(none)

Remarks

Scope:
This object currently provides a powerful, versatile and efficient set of date-handling predicates, which--thanks to Logtalk--may be used as is on a wide range of Prolog compilers. Besides taking time to familiarize oneself with each predicate, the user should take note of the following information.
Validation of dates:
Date parts are not validated--that is the caller's responsibility! However, not being quite heartless yet, we do provide a predicate for this purpose.
Date arithmetic:
Many of the examples illustrate a simplified method of doing date arithmetic. Note, however, that we do not generally recommend this practice--it is all too easy to make mistakes. The safest way of finding the day difference between two dates is to first convert the dates to their Julian day numbers and then subtract one from the other. Similarly, the safe way to add or subtract a day offset to a particular date is to first convert the date to its Julian day number, add or subtract the day offset, and then convert the result to its corresponding date.
BC years
ISO 8601 specifies that the Gregorian calendar be used, yet requires that years prior to 1 AD be handled arithmetically, i.e., the year we know as 1 BC is year 0, 2 BC is year -1, 3 BC is year -2 and so on. We do not follow ISO 8601 with regard to the handling of BC years. Our date predicates will accept and interpret an input year 0 as 1 BC; however, a negative year, Year, should always be interpreted as abs(Year) =:= Year BC. We believe that the average person will find our handling of BC years more user-friendly than the ISO 8601 one, but we encourage feedback from users with a view to a possible change in future versions.
Week numbers:
It is possible for a day (date) to have a week number that belongs to another year. Up to three of the first days of a calendar year may belong to the last week (number) of the prior calendar year, and up to three days of the last days of a calendar year may belong to the first week (number) of the next calendar year. It for this reason that the Week parameter in date/6-7 is a compound term, namely week(WeekNo,ActualYear).
Computation of Gregorian Easter Sunday:
The algorithm is based upon the "Gaussian rule". Proleptic use is limited to years > 1582 AD, that is, after the introduction of the Gregorian calendar.
Some Christian feast day offsets from Easter Sunday:
Carnival Monday: -48 days, Mardi Gras (Shrove Tuesday): -47 days, Ash Wednesday: -46 days, Palm Sunday: -7 days, Easter Friday: -2 days, Easter Saturday: -1 day, Easter Monday: +1 day, Ascension of Christ: +39 days, Whitsunday: +49 days, Whitmonday: +50 days, Feast of Corpus Christi: +60 days.